ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC AND COGNITIVE ENHANCER PLANTS PRESENT IN BANGLADESH: A STUDY REVIEW
Sultan Sala Uddin, Md. Shahidul Islam*
Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Chittagong (USTC), Chattogram, Bangladesh.
In present scenario the exploit of conventional medicine is enlarging to newer prospects in addition to plants still stay as the original source of the structurally significant compounds that guide to the expansion of the innovative drugs. Recently Bangladesh has concerning forty five thousands plant variety among which therapeutic assets has been treated to the several thousands. The conventional Bangladeshi system of the medicine, Ayurveda reveals the exercise of the plants in treatment of the various diseases. The ethnobotanical investigation done in the most recent few decades have revealed cognitive, anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic actions of the plants mentioned in the conventional literature. Numerous herbal groundings are being stipulated as the anti-inflammatory, cognitive as well as analgesic in traditional literature. The research for innovative anti-inflammatory, cognitive and analgesic agents from enormous array of the medicinal plant sources is escalating. This reviews such type of the plant species in addition to their products which have demonstrated experimental and clinical anti-inflammatory and also analgesic, cognitive actions, the possible method of the action in addition to their therapeutic value. Several of the significant taxa which are originated efficient as cognitive, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents such as Callophyllum inophyllum L, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr., Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntz., Calotropis procera (Ak.) R.Br., Cannabis sativa L., Curcuma longa L., Kalanchoe crenata Andr, Spillanthes acmella Murr, Mangifera indica L., Ricinus communis Linn., Sida cordifolia L., Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Ginkgo biloba , Zizyphus jujube, Emblica Officinalis, Cocos nucifera, Celastrus paniculatus. Here these plants species have shown contrasting degrees of cognitive, anti-inflammatory as well as analgesic activities.
Keywords: Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cognitive activities, medicinal plant.
INTRODUCTION
Medicinal plants species are backbone of the all life in earth in addition to an crucial resource for the human well-being. Now the human competition started using the plants as the means of management of diseases in addition to injuries from early days of the civilization on the earth as well as in its very long journey from the ancient time to the modern age. Moreover the human has effectively used plants species and the plant products as efficient therapeutic instruments for the fighting against the diseases and a variety of additional health hazards1.Plants species are the living organisms be in the right place to kingdom plantae and they acquire the majority of their energy from the sunlight through photosynthesis using the cholorophyll hold choloroplasts which provides them the green color. The plants species are significant for the human life in numerous ways. So without plants species animal life on the planet globe would be roughly impossible. The plants species have been utilized as the potent in addition to powerful source of the medication throughout world as long2. The plants species are almost certainly most significant to the people as a food. Plant species make up largest amount in human diet everything and eat comes directly as well as indirectly from the plant. During human history, roughly seven thousands dissimilar plant species have been utilized as food by the people. Occasionally human eat plants species themselves as when they take apples, peas and potatoes. But when they take meat and drink milk they are using as foods which come from the animal that take plants. So the seed of the plants species as corn, wheat and rice are chief source of the food in the most parts of world3.
Table 1: Plants having Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory activity available in Bangladesh.
When human eat beets, sweet, carrots or potatoes, they are eating the roots of the plants. The Coffee, tea in addition to numerous soft drinks gets their taste from the plants. The plants provide people with numerous vital raw materials. The trees provide us lumber for the building homes in addition to making furniture as well as other goods. Other vital sources of the fuel-coal, natural gas and oil also come from the plants. The all living things such as plants, animals, protists, fungi and prokaryotes are the linked by cycle of the nature. This natural procedure gives natives oxygen to breathe as well as food to eat in addition to heat to stay them warm4. The medicinal plants are also rich sources of the bioactive compounds and also thus provide as significant raw materials for the drug production. They may comprise a valuable natural benefit of the country and give a great treaty to its physical condition care systems. Medicinal plants as well as plant-derived medicines plays very significant role in economy of the tropical countries. Like Bangladesh, possessing such the rich flora of the medicinal plant and should make severe efforts to the derive maximum financial benefit from the plants by the using them as the raw materials for these native drug manufacturing factories and not by exporting to the other countries. This will severely reduce volume of the pharmaceutical raw materials in addition to processed medicine of the plant origin in country and also bring self-adequacy in the original drug industry and saving huge quantity of the foreign exchange5. Though there are no noticeable morphological properties in medicinal plants which make them divergent from the other plants producing with them and yet they acquire some extraordinary qualities and virtues that create them medicinally significant. This has been found that plant which in nature synthesis in addition to accumulate several secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, tannins, glycoside, volatile oils, contain minerals in addition to vitamins, acquire medicinal properties6.
The main purpose of this review work is
Table 2: Plants having cognitive enhancer activity available in Bangladesh.
CONCLUSION
The current review highlighted the medicinal plants possessed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects with special focus on their mode of action, as promising future drugs because of their safety and effectiveness. Numerous research studies have been executed to recognize Analgesic, Cognitive and Anti-inflammatory enhancer compounds with the desired pharmacological action as well as a limited toxicity. This review work makes an effort to provide scientific account of utilize of the valuable plant in Bangladesh as Analgesic, Cognitive and Anti-inflammatory enhancer source. So the future direction is to identify chemical constituents of the plants which is not has been discovered yet and evaluate its in-vivo data with animal models.
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