_1789449467 20260915131747000 Editor editor.jddt@gmail.com Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Univ J Pharm Res 2456-8058 2831-5235 09 15 2026 Obioma R. Emeka-Obi Chekwube A. Ezegbe Ezinne C. Okorafor Chikaodi G. Onuaja Nkesi A. Amadi Ruhuoma G. Amadi Peripheral nerve injury triggers a complex cascade of neuroinflammatory events that are essential for initiating regeneration but can become detrimental when prolonged. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and its primary product prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) are rapidly upregulated at the injury site by Schwann cells, macrophages, and neurons. While early PGE2 signaling promotes Schwann cell dedifferentiation, cytokine release and axonal sprouting, sustained COX-2 activity contributes to chronic neuroinflammation, neuropathic pain, and glial scar formation that physically and chemically inhibit axonal regrowth. Celecoxib, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, has emerged as a pharmacological tool to modulate this dual role of neuroinflammation during peripheral nerve repair.  This review synthesizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which celecoxib-mediated COX-2 inhibition influences the regenerative microenvironment. Future research should prioritize dose-dependent studies, injury-stage-specific administration, and biomaterial-based delivery to maximize regenerative benefits while minimizing adverse effects on nerve repair. Understanding the precise interplay between COX-2, PGE2, and downstream regenerative pathways will be the keys to translating celecoxib based therapies into clinical applications for peripheral neuropathies and traumatic nerve injuries.                       Peer Review History: Received 5 June 2026;   Reviewed 8 July 2026; Accepted  6 August; Available online 15 September 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com Reviewers: Dr. Kingsley C Anukam, University of Benin, Nigeria, kanukam@gmail.com Dr. Liliya Logoyda, Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine, logojda@tdmu.edu.ua 09 15 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 10.22270/ujpr.v11i4.1577 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1577 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1577/2183 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1577/2183 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1577/2184 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1577/2213