_1789449426 20260915131706000 Editor editor.jddt@gmail.com Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Univ J Pharm Res 2456-8058 2831-5235 09 15 2026 Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu Abraham John Chuwkwuebuka Ezeldine Abdalhabib Chromosomal translocations are central drivers of hematologic malignancies, reshaping gene regulation, altering epigenetic states, and generating oncogenic fusion proteins that initiate and sustain malignant transformation. Advances in whole-genome sequencing, long-read mapping, and single-cell multiomics have expanded the catalog of recurrent and cryptic rearrangements while illuminating mechanisms such as enhancer hijacking, 3D chromatin architecture disruption, aberrant V(D)J recombination, and defective DNA repair. These insights reveal how translocations activate lineage-specific oncogenic programs across leukemias, lymphomas, and plasma-cell neoplasms. Clinically, translocations refine diagnostic classification, guide prognostic stratification, and increasingly direct targeted therapy, with fusion-specific agents, epigenetic modulators, and kinase inhibitors transforming outcomes for select subtypes. Their role in measurable residual disease (MRD) monitoring further enhances treatment precision. This review synthesizes recent mechanistic and clinical advances, emphasizing how an improved understanding of translocation biology is reshaping precision medicine in hematologic oncology.                   Peer Review History: Received 5 June 2026;   Reviewed 9 July 2026; Accepted  6 August; Available online 15 September 2026 Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Reviewers: Dr. Jucimary Vieira dos Santos, Hemonorte Dalton Barbosa Cunha, Brazil, jucimaryvieira@yahoo.com.br  Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com 09 15 2026 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 10.22270/ujpr.v11i4.1630 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/view/1630 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1630/2230 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1630/2230 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1630/2244 https://ujpronline.com/index.php/journal/article/download/1630/2258