Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

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2025-03-09T16:19:26+00:00

As an esteemed member of the Editorial Board of the Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research (UJPR), I am pleased to extend my warm greetings to our valued contributors, researchers, and readers. UJPR serves as a platform for the dissemination of high-quality research and advancements in the field of pharmaceutical sciences, fostering innovation and scientific dialogue on a global scale.

At UJPR, we are committed to upholding rigorous peer-review standards to ensure the publication of impactful research that addresses current challenges and emerging trends in pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, medicine, and related disciplines. We encourage researchers to contribute original studies, comprehensive reviews, and thought-provoking discussions that can enhance scientific knowledge and improve healthcare practices.

I sincerely appreciate the efforts of our dedicated authors, reviewers, and editorial team for their unwavering commitment to academic excellence. Together, we strive to advance pharmaceutical research and create a meaningful impact in the scientific community.

We look forward to your valuable contributions and collaborations in making UJPR a leading source of pharmaceutical knowledge.

VALIDITY OF PONT’S ANALYSIS IN A GROUP OF YEMENI POPULATION

2025-03-09T16:22:54+00:00

Background and aims: Ever since the emergence of new orthodontics, numerous indices have been developed to predict normal maxillary arch widths. Accurate prediction is essential for resolving dental crowding, ensuring stable occlusion, and minimizing the likelihood of relapse. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of Pont’s Analysis in a group drawn from the Yemeni population residing in Sana’a.

Methods: This cross-sectional study examined dental casts obtained from 100 Yemeni participants (62 males and 38 females) aged 18–25 years with normal occlusion. Measurements were conducted with a high-precision sliding caliper (accuracy: 0.01 mm). In addition to the mesiodistal lengths of the four upper incisors, arch widths were measured at the first premolar region (between distal pits) and the first molar region (between mesial pits). The statistical package for social science software was used to conduct the statistical analysis.

Results: The analysis revealed a statistically significant disparity between the measured and calculated arch widths. Pont’s Index consistently overestimated arch widths in both males and females (p<0.000). Paired sample t-tests highlighted a mean difference of -2.19 mm for premolar widths (t=-5.302, r=0.023) and -2.03 mm for molar widths (t=-4.165, r=0.093).

Conclusions: The study concludes that Pont’s Index is unsuitable for the Yemeni population in Sana’a due to its tendency to overestimate maxillary arch widths. These findings underscore the need for population-specific adjustments to Pont’s Index to enhance its predictive accuracy.

Peer Review History:

Received 17 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 18 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id

CLINICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF BIOPSIED ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL LESIONS: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY IN SANA’A, YEMEN

2025-03-09T17:40:03+00:00

Background and aims: The term "oral and maxillofacial pathology" describes conditions affecting the mandible, maxillae, salivary glands, temporomandibular joints, facial muscles, and perioral skin. Because there is a dearth of epidemiological data on oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMFLs) in Yemen, the current study aims to determine the relative incidence of these lesions in Sana'a city, as well as their correlation with age and gender.

Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was performed on documented records of all patients with OMLs in targeted multi-centers in Sana'a city for 2 years from November 2022 to November 2024. Patient clinical and pathological data, for instance anatomical location, age, gender, and histopathological diagnosis, were recorded and then analyzed.

Results: The sample size was 398 histopathological records of OMFLs, 55.4% of the sample was male and 44.7% were female. The tongue was the site most commonly affected by malignant lesions (49.6%), and the maxilla and mandible were the sites most commonly affected by benign lesions (22.9% and 29.96%). The maxilla and mandible are the most affected sites for cystic lesions (65% and 33.3%). The study found a significant association between male patients and malignant lesions, while female patients were associated with benign and reactive lesions; the odds ratios for these associations were 1.98, 1.7, and 3.8, respectively. Conclusions: Non-malignant lesions were more prevalent than malignant lesions, and dental and medical care providers should give greater importance to pre-malignant and malignant lesions and chronic traumatic ulcers because these lesions are at risk of developing into malignant lesions, through education and awareness of oral health promotion and early detection and treatment of these lesions. The tongue is the site most affected by malignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

THREE-DIMENSIONAL EVALUATION OF THE FIRST CERVICAL VERTEBRAL MORPHOLOGY IN SKELETAL CLASS I AND III MALOCCLUSIONS IN YEMENI PATIENTS

2025-03-09T17:00:11+00:00

Introduction: The shape of the cervical vertebrae is known to be of great importance in the field of orthodontics, as it can be used to assess skeletal maturity. This study aimed to evaluate the shape of the cervical vertebrae in individuals with class I and III skeletal malocclusion.

Methods: The research data were collected from the orthodontic patient records by analyzing cone beam computed tomography of the selected individuals before treatment (n=52) this study was conducted between January 2022 and January 2023. The individuals were divided into two groups based on the ANB angle: class I group (n=26, male=12, female=14) and class III group (n=26, male=9, female=17). The ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, and they were all Yemeni.

Results: The shape of the cervical vertebrae differs among individuals with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns. Cone beam radiographs of 52 patients were evaluated to assess the morphology of the first cervical vertebra in both Class I and Class III. Eight linear variables and one angular variable were compared in both groups, and there were significant differences between HOTDC1, LOAPC1, dorsal arch, HOTDC1, H1APC1, FOTDC1, and superior surface among individuals with different anteroposterior skeletal patterns.

Conclusion: The morphology of the cervical vertebrae was found to be influenced by the anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla to the mandible.

Peer Review History:

Received 11 December 2024; Reviewed 6 January 2025; Accepted 21 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com

EFFICACY OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF OCIMUM GRATISSIMUM IN MODULATING PROSTATE SIZE, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY, AND HISTOPATHOLOGY IN TESTOSTERONE INDUCED BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA IN MALE ALBINO RATS

2025-03-09T17:07:56+00:00

Background: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in aging men, caused by the non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, frequently linked to oxidative stress and impaired prostate function.

Aim: This study evaluates the effectiveness of methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum in modulating pathological markers in testosterone-induced BPH in male wistar rats.

Methods: A total of 36 rats were allocated into six experimental groups: normal control, BPH control (testosterone-induced), and four treatment groups receiving different doses of Ocimum gratissimum extract (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg) and a standard treatment (finasteride, 5 mg/kg). BPH was induced by administering subcutaneous testosterone propionate (3 mg/kg) for 14 days.

Results: The results revealed that the extract significantly reduced prostate size and weight in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Ocimum gratissimum extract demonstrated potent antioxidant effects by increasing catalase (CAT) activity and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, markers of oxidative stress, In comparison to the BPH control group. The extract also improved serum lipid profiles, with significant reductions in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduction, while enhancing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and histopathological improvements, including reduced inflammation and hyperplasia.

Conclusions: The findings support the therapeutic potential of Ocimum gratissimum in managing BPH by alleviating prostate enlargement, improving antioxidant defenses, reducing oxidative stress, and modulating lipid profiles. The results suggest that Ocimum gratissimum may offer a natural alternative or adjunct to conventional therapies for managing BPH and related complications. Further research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of action.

Peer Review History:

Received 11 December 2024; Reviewed 6 January 2025; Accepted 14 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com

IMPACT OF 3D PRINTING IN RECONSTRUCTION OF MAXILLOFACIAL BONE DEFECTS EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN A MILITARY HOSPITAL IN SANA’A CITY, YEMEN

2025-03-09T17:31:27+00:00

Background and aims: The study explores the use of PEEK and PMMA as alternatives for 3D reconstruction of orbital bone defects. It aims to evaluate their durability, develop a standardized protocol, and design implant-specific implants using 3D printing technology.

Subjects and methods: A study at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, found maxillofacial fractures in six patients who underwent maxillofacial reconstruction using 3D printing technology. The patients had previously undergone unsuccessful traditional treatments. The study involved preoperative assessments, CT scans, and functional evaluations. Custom 3D printed implants were designed using GOM and ATOS, and surgical procedures were performed under general anesthesia.

Results: A group of patients aged 20-43 years, with a mean age of 28.8 years, experienced pain, aesthetic deformity, limited mouth opening, difficulty eating, and bacterial infections. Causes included G.S.I., RTA, bomb explosion, and falls from height. The study found that all patients had unilateral fractures, with 33.3% having segmental fractures, 66.7% having displacement, and 50 having tripod fractures. Debridement operation was performed in all patients, with bone grafting and ORIF performed in 83.3%. Instability, insufficient, and infection were the most common reasons for failure.

Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of 3D printing technology in enhancing the outcomes of maxillofacial bone defect reconstruction by use PEEK and PMMA materials, especially in patients with prior treatment failures.

Peer Review History:

Received 13 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 22 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

PHYTOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY, PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF METHANOL EXTRACT FROM COMBINED SEEDS AND PEELS OF PICRALIMA NITIDA

2025-03-09T16:45:28+00:00

Background and Aim: This study explores the untapped potential of the discarded seed and peel of Picralima nitida, a plant with numerous ethno-medicinal uses. This study was aimed to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the phytochemical, antimicrobial, proximate, and mineral composition of the combined seed and peel to maximize its utilization.

Methods: Phytochemical screening method was used to identify the variety of biological active constituents in the seed and peel, proximate composition analysis technique measured the basic nutritional content of the seed and peel, mineral composition analysis was used to determine the levels of essential minerals and trace elements and antibacterial susceptibility testing was performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, assessing the extract ability to inhibit microbial growth, with a focus on the sensitivity of E. coli.

Results: Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of some compounds like: flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and polyphenols, while proximate composition analysis showed the following values: moisture (12.80%), carbohydrate (59.71%), crude protein (5.85%), ash (2.53%), crude fat (4.64%), and crude fibre (14.05%). The caloric content was 265.8 kcal/100 g, indicating a high nutritional content suitable for use as a feed additive. Mineral composition analysis revealed significant levels of essential elements. Sodium-to-potassium ratio (0.69) aligns with World Health Organization recommendations for cardiovascular health.

Conclusions: These findings highlight the promising pharmacological and nutritional value of Picralima nitida seed and peel, suggesting its potential as a bioactive additive in both ethno-medicine and industrial applications, including as a complementary food source and poultry feed additive.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBA GLOW SKINCARE CREAM

2025-03-13T17:38:00+00:00

Background and aims: Nowadays consumers are now more aware of the possible hazards associated with synthetic formulations, thus there is a greater demand for skincare products based on herbs. Using herba glow containing Capparis spinosa, Morus nigra, and Rhodiola rosea, all of which are known for their strong antioxidant qualities. This study attempts to develop and assess the stability, physicochemical characteristics, and antioxidant activity of Herba Glow skincare cream.

Methods: Herba Glow cream was developed as an oil-in-water emulsion using pharmaceutical-grade excipients. The formulation underwent comprehensive evaluation, including organoleptic assessment, homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, and pH measurement. Stability was tested through a cycling test, while the DPPH radical scavenging test was used to measure antioxidant activity.

Results: All formulations exhibited homogeneity and acceptable viscosity, with pH values within the skin’s natural range. Stability testing indicated minor changes in viscosity and pH, yet the formulations remained stable. Antioxidant analysis revealed that higher concentrations of Herba Glow extract enhanced free radical scavenging activity, with the 20% extract formulation showing the highest potency (IC₅₀=1.117 ppm), comparable to well-established antioxidants.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that Herba Glow cream is a promising herbal-based skincare product with significant antioxidant activity and stable physicochemical properties. This research bridges the gap between traditional herbal knowledge and modern cosmetic science, supporting the development of natural skincare alternatives.

Peer Review History:

Received 9 December 2024; Reviewed 14 January 2025; Accepted 21 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF HIV TREATMENT STRATEGIES: A FOCUSED LOOK AT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES

2025-03-10T05:47:42+00:00

HIV continues to be a major global health concern, impacting millions. While antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved outcomes, transforming HIV into a manageable chronic condition rather than a death sentence, a cure remains elusive. This mini-review examines the intricacies of HIV infection and explores novel curative strategies. Key challenges include the persistence of latent HIV reservoirs, where the virus lies dormant and undetectable and the emergence of drug resistance due to HIV's high mutation rate. Promising avenues of research include using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to improve drug discovery and personalize treatment. Nanoparticles are being developed to deliver drugs directly to infected cells, improving effectiveness and minimizing side effects. Synthetic biology approaches, such as CAR-T and CAR-NK cells, aim to engineer immune cells to target and eliminate infected cells. Gut microbiome modulation is also being investigated as a way to boost immune response and reduce viral reservoirs. RNA interference (RNAi) uses siRNAs to suppress viral gene expression. Finally, therapeutic exosomes offer a new way to deliver antiviral agents to infected cells. These cutting-edge strategies offer hope for a functional or sterilizing cure. Further research and clinical trials are crucial to optimize these technologies and translate them into clinical practice, ultimately aiming to eliminate HIV and end the global epidemic.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 20 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com

THE ROLE OF POLYSACCHARIDE AEROGEL IN TISSUE REGENERATION AND REPAIR

2025-03-10T06:04:20+00:00

Aerogel-based biomaterial is an important subject in materials sciences due to their vast attention in different sectors. These materials possess unique properties that distinguish them such as low density. In the area of tissue engineering, there application has been documented in areas such as blood vessel, soft tissue, nerves, bone and cartilage.There are several steps involved in aerogel preparation. The first step involves the appropriate selection of a precursor material such as polymers, silica or carbon. Aerogels have a unique property which includes the composition of mesoporous solid colloids that possess a light weight and a porous frame work structure. Aerogels also possess unique extraordinary physicochemical properties.Tissue engineering is a broad term that encompasses on using biocompatible materials to repair and replace damaged tissues. Notwithstanding, its diverse applications over the years, tissue engineering have had persistent hurdles which include the need to develop new novel biomaterials This article seeks to review the properties of aerogel and their preparation processes. The review also documented the challenges from current studies and future prospects were also discussed.

Peer Review History:

Received 2 December 2024; Reviewed 11 January 2025; Accepted 14 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com

DAWN OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY ENGINEERING LIFE AT THE MICROSCOPIC SCALE: A REVIEW

2025-03-10T06:00:20+00:00

Synthetic biology, converging biology, engineering and computer science, allows the design of new biological systems, promising revolutions in healthcare, agriculture and environmental sustainability. Its core principles—modularity, abstraction hierarchies, orthogonality, predictability, and standardization—enable systematic biological engineering. Modularity breaks complex systems into manageable parts, while abstraction hierarchies organize these parts by complexity. Orthogonality ensures independent function of synthetic components and predictability is achieved through modeling and computation. Standardization promotes reproducibility and collaboration. Mechanistically, synthetic biology manipulates DNA, designs genetic circuits and metabolic pathways and applies physical and computational principles. Techniques like PCR and DNA sequencing construct recombinant DNA. Genetic circuits control gene expression and metabolic engineering optimizes pathways. Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) accelerates innovation by analyzing data, predicting protein structures and automating experiments, improving drug and therapy development.Synthetic biology can address global challenges like infectious diseases, climate change and food security, in addition to the potential applications in the medical and pharmaceutical sectors. By understanding its principles and using advanced technologies, researchers can realize the field's potential for a better future.

Peer Review History:

Received 12 December 2024; Reviewed 6 January 2025; Accepted 17 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

HIGH VALUE OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM CORIANDRUM SATIVUM L FOR MULTIPLE BIOTHERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS

2025-03-10T05:53:34+00:00

Currently, people demanding nutrient-rich food products that provide additional health benefits. In this sense, Coriandrum sativum L, the most consumed spice around the world increasing its popularity due to its high nutritional value and confirmed pharmacological effects. Bioactive compounds derived from coriander have a wide variety of medical and biotherapeutic applications that extend beyond their well-established gastronomic relevance. Here, the information currently available on the presence, diversity, and extraction methods of the main components of coriander are reviewed. The multiple benefits of include cilantro in the diet and its effect on the treatment of global impact chronic diseases of such as cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, kidney disease, cerebrovascular diseases, among others, are also highlighted. Likewise, the primary biological activities of coriander are detailed, such as antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activity derived from specific phytochemicals.

This update shows the composition and describe the mixture of bioactive constituents included in the herbaceous plant and/or extracts, emphasizing the biological functions mainly as antimicrobial agents and its confirmed antioxidant function. Coriander is a reservoir of bioactivities combined, with promising potential to use and/or increase health and promote well-being.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 December 2024; Reviewed 9 January 2025; Accepted 17 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com

CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION, ITS DIAGNOSIS, PATHOGENESIS, AND TREATMENT: A REVIEW

2025-03-10T13:37:17+00:00

SARS-CoV-2 was the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019. To date, over 670 million individuals have received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. However, emerging evidence suggests a potential association between these vaccines and cardiovascular complications. Concerns have been raised regarding their possible contribution to underrecognized cardiovascular issues, such as arrhythmias and arterial hypertension. The individuals with pre-existing heart conditions are at a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and unfavorable clinical outcomes following vaccination. Reported complications include myocarditis, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, strategies for treatment, and current limitations of the literature on the possible link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations and cardiovascular problems.

Peer Review History:

Received 4 December 2024; Reviewed 14 January 2025; Accepted 18 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com

THE DYNAMIC BINDING HYPOTHESIS: A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR UNDERSTANDING CONSCIOUSNESS

2025-03-10T13:55:38+00:00

The Dynamic Binding Hypothesis (DBH) offers a framework for understanding consciousness as a product of synchronized neural oscillations across brain regions. This integration of brain activity, modulated by attention, working memory, and social context, is proposed as the basis of conscious experience. DBH suggests that disruptions in these synchronized oscillations may underlie consciousness disorders. Personalized medicine can enhance DBH's application by tailoring treatments based on individual neural characteristics. By using genetic data, biomarkers, and advanced diagnostics, therapies for consciousness disorders can be targeted to individual variations in neural oscillations. Furthermore, DBH and quantum biology offer complementary views. Quantum biology explores how quantum phenomena might influence neural activity, suggesting that quantum effects in microtubules and photons in neural communication could contribute to the neural synchronization central to DBH and consciousness. While insightful, DBH is not without limitations and should be considered alongside other theories to achieve a comprehensive understanding of consciousness. Integrating insights from various perspectives may be the most effective approach to unraveling this complex phenomenon.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 December 2024; Reviewed 4 January 2025; Accepted 11 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr

CAROTID-JUGULAR FISTULA FOLLOWING A BOMB EXPLOSION: A CASE STUDY OF RARE FISTULA

2025-03-10T14:05:57+00:00

Background: Traumatic arteriovenous fistula (TAVF) is a rare vascular injury, usually caused by blast trauma and is on the rise in Yemen due to the ongoing war there for 14 years. This report describes a case of TAVF that occurred 5 days before the patient sought help and presented to the hospital.

Case presentation: A 16-year-old male with unknown past medical history presented five days after a bomb blast with penetrating trauma to the second zone of the neck. Physical examination revealed a tremor over the site of injury, suggestive of vascular injury, but the patient had no active bleeding, neurologic deficit, or expansive hematoma. Computed tomography (CT) angiography findings were critical in confirming a traumatic arteriovenous fistula and guiding the surgical approach for exploration and repair. Surgical exploration identified a carotid-jugular fistula between the posterolateral common carotid artery and the medial internal jugular vein. Computed tomography angiography findings confirmed successful closure of the fistula with preservation of vascular integrity and no immediate postoperative complications.

Conclusion: This case report describes the successful surgical management of a rare carotid-jugular fistula after a bomb blast. The positive outcomes, including preservation of neurological function and vascular integrity, highlight the importance of prompt surgical intervention and the potential for excellent recovery in traumatic vascular injuries.

Peer Review History:

Received 2 December 2024; Reviewed 8 January 2025; Accepted 16 February; Available online 15 March 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com