Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

DRY POWDER INHALERS TECHNIQUE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS: AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Sara Shahid — 2024-11-15

Introduction: Inaccurate utilization of various inhaler devices may severely influence the drug therapeutic effectiveness. The aim of this study is to evaluate the community pharmacist knowledge, attitudes and practice regarding the use of dry powder inhalers (DPIs).

Method: The present observational study was conducted for the evaluation of pharmacist’s knowledge and patient counseling attitude concerning the use of DPIs. A total of 114 community pharmacists from various community pharmacies of Lahore, Punjab were selected and a validated questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge of community pharmacists. The DPI technique presented by “National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute” was used as criteria for evaluation. The covert simulated patient approach was used to evaluate the DPI technique of pharmacists without any biasness.

Results: Out of 114, only 27.2% pharmacists presented adequate knowledge about the correct use of inhaler device (DPIs). Pharmacists from chain pharmacies presented higher adequacy 66.7% as compared to individual pharmacies i.e., 33.3%. Pharmacists whose working experience was more than 5 years presented better DPIs technique knowledge.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that majority of the community pharmacist (72.8%) have inadequate dry powder inhaler technique at baseline. Setup type (Chain pharmacies) and work experience were the demographic variables that were positively associated with the adequate technique.

Peer Review History:

Received 15 July 2024; Reviewed 7 September 2024; Accepted 21 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg

TREATMENT OF COMMINUTED MANDIBULAR FRACTURE WITH CLOSED REDUCTION AND MANDIBULAR FIXATION VERSUS OPEN REDUCTION AND INTERNAL FIXATION

Lutf Mohammed Al-Rahbi — 2024-11-15

Background and aims: Injuries from firearms remain a serious public health concern, contributing significantly to our society's morbidity, mortality, and costs. Securing an airway, controlling bleeding, determining other injuries, and conclusively repairing the traumatic facial abnormalities are the four primary phases in the care of patients with gunshot wounds to the face. This study aimed to compare the effects of two treatment approaches for mandibular gunshot injuries: closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) against open reduction and internal fixation.

Methods: Between 2020 and 2023, mandibular fractures were found in two equal groups at the Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, where the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery conducted the study. Twenty patients in group A received treatment by closed reduction and maxillo-mandibular fixation, and another twenty patients in group B received treatment by open reduction and internal fixation. Then complications following surgery were studied. Every patient had made a follow-up call between the second and eighth weeks; following the surgery, both groups' cases of postoperative infection, malocclusion, non-union or malunion of fracture fragments, facial asymmetry, exposed plates, and bone resorption were recorded and assessed radiographically and clinically.

Results: The study analyzed patients with mandible fractures, focusing on G.S.I. and bomb explosions. Most injuries occurred in the body, with parasymphsis being the most common site. Bone exposure was prevalent in 95% of patients. After a two-week follow-up, the ORIF treatment method was associated with more post-operative complications than the CR-MMF treatment method. Wound contraction was more common in the ORIF group (22.5%), followed by bone loss (15%). Plate exposure, nonunion, and malunion were more prevalent in the ORIF group.

Conclusions: In comparison to open reduction with internal fixation, it was determined that closed reduction is the most efficient and dependable management strategy for treating comminuted fractures of the mandible brought on by gunshot injuries. It also has a lower rate of complications.

Peer Review History:

Received 18 July 2024; Reviewed 13 September 2024; Accepted 20 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, funbimbola@gmail.com

Dr. Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Yemen, ahmedalhaddad@yahoo.com

COMPARATIVE OF PIEZOELECTRIC AND CONVENTIONAL OSTEOTOMY FOR LOWER THIRD MOLAR IMPACTION EXTRACTION WITH SUBMUCOSAL DEXAMETHASONE INJECTION

Sohaib Ezzi Dhaif Allah Senan — 2024-11-15

Background and aim: The most common procedure performed in the outpatient setting in maxillofacial surgery practices is the extraction of impacted third molars. This technique often requires incision, flap reflection, and bone removal, which causes tissue stress and involves large amounts of connective tissue and blood vessels in the third molar area. The aim of this study was to examine decompression surgery and the rotary technique alone and to evaluate the combined effect of decompression surgery and conventional osteotomy with submucosal dexamethasone injection on the sequelae after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

Methodology: With a sample of sixty individuals, a randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out. Four groups of fifteen participants each were created: Group 1 was for conventional rotatory therapy; Group 2 was for conventional rotatory therapy plus a 4 mg dose of dexamethasone following surgery; Group 3 was for piezosurgery; and Group 4 was for piezosurgery plus a 4 mg dose of dexamethasone following surgery. The surgical working time was determined in minutes, the maximum mouth opening was measured in millimeters at baseline and on the second, fifth, and seventh day using a Vernier Caliper, and the postoperative pain was quantified using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) every day for the first week.

Result: A study involving 36 women and 24 men aged 21-32 years performed a procedure involving impacted lower third molars, with a 100% success rate. All patients showed soft tissue healing without serious events or infection. Pain levels were greater in group 3 (3.7 degrees) and lower in group 2 (2.6 degrees). No significant differences were found in pain levels of dexamethasone injection among the four groups.

Conclusion: The use of submucosal dexamethasone injection with conventional and electrosurgical osteotomy is beneficial for alleviating post operative complication after removal of impacted third molar surgery.

Peer Review History:

Received 11 July 2024; Reviewed 17 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Ahmad Abdelsattar El-Ebiary, Tanta University Hospitals, Tanta, Egypt, a.ebiary@med.tanta.edu.eg

Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

AMELOBLASTOMA IN POPULATION OF YEMEN: ANALYZING THE PREVALENCE AND CLINIC PATHOLOGIC FEATURES OF AMELOBLASTOMA IN A YEMENI POPULATION

Samar Sultan Al-Thobhani — 2024-11-15

Background and aims: Ameloblastoma is an uncommon tumor of odontogenic epithelium (ameloblasts, or the outer part of the teeth during development) that can be benign or malignant. It usually appears in the lower jaw rather than the upper jaw. The initial ameloblastoma is often treated with radical tumor resection. Analyzing the prevalence and clinic pathologic features of ameloblastoma in a Yemeni population was the goal.

Material and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out in all patients who were diagnosed with oral tumors at the targeted centers in Sana’a city (Al-Mamoon Center, Central Laboratory, and Al-Awlqy Laboratory Centers) in the period June 2020 to June 2022. This study is based on data taken from patients’s files that include age, gender, location, and histopathology. The study used descriptive statistics and SPSS version 26 for data analysis, describing quantitative non-parametric data using median and parametric data using mean and standard deviation.

Results: The ameloblastoma tumor prevalence was 8.8% of all oral tumors (330 cases). The mean age of the ameloblastoma patients was 31.10±11.4 (± SD) years and ranged from 11 to 80 years, with 1:1.2 males to females. The majority of ameloblastoma cases occurred in the lower jaw (93.1%; N=27), and the posterior part of the lower jaw was the main site for ameloblastoma tumors (79.3%; N=23), and 86.2%; N=23 of ameloblastoma was epithelial origin and 13.8%; N=4 was variegated origin. In terms of histological type, 65.5%; N=19 of the cases were not diagnosed, and the remaining cases showed a rate of 24.1%; N=7 for a multicystic tumor and 10.3%; N=3 for a unicystic tumor. 96.6%; N=28 of ameloblastoma cases were benign tumors, and only 3.4%; N=1 case was a malignant tumor.

Conclusions: The prevalence of ameloblastoma was significant, and these findings increase the awareness level of determent type of lesion for better diagnosis, management, and preventing measures.

Peer Review History:

Received 20 July 2024; Reviewed 6 September 2024; Accepted 16 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Gülay B Anadolu, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey, gbuyukko@anadolu.edu.tr

Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com

STUDY OF SOME FLUOREN-9-ONE THIOSEMICARBAZONES: SYNTHESIS, CATALYTIC EFFECTS AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION

Bienvenu GLINMA — 2024-11-15

Aim and objective: Nowadays, Schiff bases have shown a remarkable importance in medicinal chemistry research. Semicarbazones, thiosemicarbazones and their derivatives are important Schiff base ligands with biological properties. Fluorenones are important organic compounds used in many different fields. Here, we reported the synthesis of fluoren-9-one thiosemicarbazones (F1-F4).

Methods: For their synthesis, we first carried out a theoretical study based on the physical properties (reasonable pharmacokinetics and drug availability) of the compounds using Lipinski's rules. We also varied the reaction conditions using several reagents (HCl, 1N; H₂SO₄ conc. and GAA) and ethanol in order to optimize reaction yields. Structure of each molecule was characterized by spectrometrical analysis (MS and IR, and especially NMR ¹H and ¹³C).

Results: During the course of the study, we observed an increase in reaction yields in the presence of the less aqueous acids, particularly with GAA, which gave the best yields (89, 77, 91 and 96%) for molecules F1, F2, F3 and F4 respectively.

Conclusion: We noted that compounds presented essential properties to exhibit pharmaceutical activities. They could have a variety of pharmaceutical activities on pathogens resistant to existing treatments.

Peer Review History:

Received 15 July 2024; Reviewed 10 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Prof. Dr. A. Hakan AKTAŞ, Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Chemistry, Isparta-Turkey, hakanaktas@sdu.edu.tr

Dr. Wafa Mohamed Al Madhagi, Sana’a University, Yemen, walmadhaji1983@gmail.com

THE ATTITUDE OF PARENTS REGARDING THEIR CHILD IMMUNIZATION IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN

Sara Shahid — 2024-11-15

Background: Many parents harbor negative views about vaccine-preventable diseases (VPD) and hold misunderstandings about the ingredients, side effects, and efficacy of vaccines. The resurgence of diseases preventable by vaccines was believed to be primarily due to insufficient childhood vaccination practices. The study aimed to assess parental attitude towards their children's vaccinations.

Methods: The present study is a multi-centered, cross sectional observational study to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization in Lahore, Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology involving validated questionnaires and research tools were utilized in order to evaluate the attitude of the parents regarding their child immunization. A total of 353 parents belonging to urban and rural areas of Lahore having children of different ages were recruited for the present study.

Results: Out of 353 parents surveyed, majority of the study subject were mothers (56.1%) with age 25-29 years (30%). Majority of the parents (70.3%) were observed to have negative attitude while only 29.7% of the respondents presented positive attitude at baseline. It is observed that the occupation, no of children, residency, living class and health care providers in respondent family shows highly significant statistical association (p<0.001) with patient attitude regarding their child immunization.

Conclusions: The present study concludes that the parents showing negative attitude do not get their children vaccinated. They feel that it is a formality and they find it hectic to take their children to vaccination centers for immunizations. The immunization status was also significantly influenced by sociodemographic factors. In order to achieve positive attitude, efforts should be made to tell them benefits of vaccination and by changing their thinking about side effects of vaccine by educating them about the beneficial effects of vaccines and its safety.

Peer Review History:

Received 8 July 2024; Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 26 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 5.5/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Prof. Hassan A.H. Al-Shamahy, Sana'a University, Yemen, shmahe@yemen.net.ye

Dr. Sheikh Abdul Khaliq, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, Karachi, Pakistan, drwadhsheikh1974@gmail.com

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE MEDICATION-SKILLS, PROFESSIONALISM AND OPPORTUNITIES OF PHARMACY-BASED HEALTHCARE PROVIDERS IN MALAYSIA

Mohammad Nasrin Abdul Rahman — 2024-11-15

Background: Through qualitative and quantitative methods, this study will contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving role of pharmacy-based healthcare providers in Malaysia and highlight strategies to optimize their impact within the healthcare framework. The evolving landscape of healthcare in Malaysia has placed increasing emphasis on the role of pharmacy-based healthcare providers in delivering patient-centered care. As healthcare systems worldwide shift toward more integrated approaches, pharmacists are uniquely positioned to contribute through their expertise in medication management and patient education. This study explores the current state of medication skills, professionalism, and the opportunities available for pharmacists in Malaysia.

Objective: This study investigates the knowledge, professionalism, and perceptions of pharmacy-based healthcare providers among students at University College MAIWP International (UCMI) in Malaysia.

Method: A total of 341 students participated in a survey assessing their understanding of pharmacists' roles, responsibilities, and contributions to healthcare.

Results: The findings indicate a strong recognition of pharmacists' importance in medication management and patient care, with 93.5% acknowledging their role in helping manage medications effectively. Despite a consensus on the necessity for higher education in pharmacy, 89.2% of respondents believed a high school diploma suffices to become a pharmacy practitioner. Additionally, both male and female students demonstrated similar levels of awareness regarding the diverse responsibilities of pharmacists beyond traditional roles.

Conclusions: The study highlights the need for greater integration of pharmacy professionals into the healthcare system and calls for enhanced educational initiatives to elevate the understanding of pharmacy roles among the general public and healthcare providers.

Peer Review History:

Received 21 July 2024; Reviewed 13 September 2024; Accepted 25 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Rima Benatoui, Applied Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, University of Annaba, Algeria. benattouiryma@gmail.com

Sheima Nadim Kadhim, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of pharmacy, University of Basra, Iraq. ph.sheimanadim@yahoo.com

MOLECULAR MODELLING AND VIRTUAL SCREENING APPLICATION TO THE COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF ANTICANCER INHIBITORS WITH A FAVORABLE PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILE AGAINST E6 PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 16

Ingrid Clémence Bléhoué — 2024-11-15

Background: Worldwide, cervical cancer (CC) is the fourth most common women cancer. It is crucial to develop more effective treatments for this disease. We aim at designing new anticancer compounds with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile, targeting the E6 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16 E6).

Methods: Computer-Aided Molecular Design (CAMD) has been carried out by the elaboration of a Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) model of molecular complexation, through the correlation between the relative Gibbs free energy (rGFE) and the observed biological activities of a series of flavonoids inhibitors separated in training (TS) and validation sets (VS). Starting from the 3D crystallographic structure of the oncoprotein HPV16 E6 (Protein Data Banck (PDB) input code: 4GIZ), enzyme – inhibitor complexes were built by in situ modification of the native ligand (FLAV1, IC₅₀^exp= 850 nM), replacing substitution R-groups at nine different positions R₁ – R₉.

Results: The complexation QSAR model equation (pIC₅₀^exp=-0.5494 × DDG_com+5.9983 (1); n=16; R²=0.98) explains 98% of the variation in biological activity by that of rGFE of the analogues used. The subsequent 3D pharmacophore model (PH4) generated from the active conformations of FLAVS (pIC₅₀^exp= 1.0177× pIC₅₀^pre– 0.0927(2); n=16; R²=0.90) was used as a virtual selection tool to identify new analogues from a virtual library (VL) reaching two digits nanomolar range predicted activity.

Conclusions: The combination of molecular modelling and in silico screening of VL using the PH4 pharmacophore has led to the discovery of new promising anticancer candidates, with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles against HPV16 E6. Among them, the top two predicted respective inhibitory powers IC₅₀^pre (50 nM and 61 nM).

Peer Review History:

Received 11 July 2024; Reviewed 16 September 2024; Accepted 20 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.5/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Ogbonna B. Onyebuchi, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, summitpharm@yahoo.com

Prof. Syamsudin Abdillah, Pancasila University, Indonesia, syamsudin.abdillah@gmail.com

MODULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL MEDIATED APOPTOSIS BY SOLVENT FRACTIONS OF THE FRUIT EXTRACTS OF SARCOCEPHALUS LATIFOLIUS (SMITH) BRUCE

Joan Uchechukwu Imah-Harry — 2024-11-15

Aim and Objective: However, this claim has not been scientifically substantiated. In this study, we investigated the inductive effect of the crude methanol extract (CMESL) and a chloroform subfraction (sCFSL) of Sarcocephalus latifolius fruits on mPT, in vivo.

Methods: Thirty-five male wistar rats (90±10 g) were acclimatized, divided into seven groups, and treated with 1% DMSO (control) and 25, 50, and 100 mg/kgbw of each of the fractions for thirty days. Rats were sacrificed and liver mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation. The MOMP, DNA fragmentation, p53, Bax and BCl-2 protein expressions, Cytochrome C release, and caspase – 3 and -9 activities were assayed in liver tissue by standard methods.

Results: CMESL and sCFSL induced mPT pore. The sCFSL induced MOMP maximally at 100 mg/kgbw, inhibited LPO (78%), enhanced mitochondrial ATPase activity (27.96±0.04 µmole/mg Protein/min) than CMESL (17.58± 0.03 µmole/mg Protein/min) at the same dose. Similarly, sCFSL caused DNA fragmentation; (77.33%), enhanced caspases -3 and -9 activation; increased p53 and Bax expression levels, increased Cytochrome C release, and downregulated BCl-2 protein expression, compared to CMESL.

Conclusion: These findings showed that sCFSL contains bioactive agents that can induce mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, and therefore a potential target to be explored in the management of tumors and cancer.

Peer Review History:

Received 12 July 2024; Reviewed 19 September 2024; Accepted 24 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Sangeetha Arullappan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia, sangeetha@utar.edu.my

Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, nhussain116@gmail.com

DEVELOPMENT, SCREENING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ROSUVASTATIN LOADED NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS FOR IMPROVED THERAPEUTIC EFFICACY

El Sayed Gamal E. Shaheen — 2024-11-15

Objective: The aim of the current study was to be screening of the formulation components, prepare ROS-NLCs by hot homogenization–ultrasonication technique and optimized by Full factorial design then formulations prepared were further characterized.

Methods: The screening experiments were carried out to select the most suitable solid lipids, liquid lipids, and surfactants. Moreover, physical compatibility between the solid lipids and liquid lipids, along with their proportions, was evaluated. Additionally, characterization and optimization of the developed formulations were outlined and identified. Primarily, the solubility of ROS-Ca in various solid lipids and liquid lipids is the key factor for choosing the optimal one.

Results: Stearic acid, Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS), and Compritol®888 ATO exhibited a higher ability to solubilize ROS-Ca, with solid lipid values per 10 mg of ROS-Ca (w/w) recorded as 750±3.56 mg, 1250±4.36 mg, and 1750±5.16 mg, respectively. In the systematic screening of different liquid lipids, Transcutol® HP (98.41 mg/ml), CapryolTM90 (78.64 mg/ml), and Labrafac MC60 (64.36 mg/ml) demonstrated a good affinity for the drug. The (Stearic acid-Transcutol® HP) mixture showed phase separation with oil droplet residue on filter paper, whereas the (GMS-Transcutol® HP) mixture showed no separation and left no oil droplet residue on filter paper. The optimized NLC formulations composed of glyceryl monostearate GMS (solid lipid) and Transcutol® HP (liquid lipid) as lipid phase, poloxamer 188 and Tween 80 (1:1 ratio) as surfactants.

Conclusions: Study concludes the ability of NLCs to improve the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs by enhancing solubilization and dissolution rates in the gastrointestinal tract is well-recognized.

Peer Review History:

Received 11 July 2024; Reviewed 15 September 2024; Accepted 22 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg

VIRTUAL DESIGN OF NOVEL OF ORALLY BIOAVAILABLE PIPERAZINE INHIBITORS OF ENOYL-ACYL CARRIER PROTEIN REDUCTASE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS WITH FAVORABLE PHARMACOKINETIC PROFILES

Koffi Charles Kouman — 2024-11-15

Background: Drug-resistant strains have been a real problem for anti-tuberculosis therapies in recent decades. Here we elaborated the virtual rational design and evaluation of a novel class of piperazine (PPZ) analogs as InhA-Mt inhibitors with a favorable pharmacokinetic profile.

Method: By in situ modification of the crystal structure of InhA-PPZ1 (Protein Data Bank (PDB) entry code: 1P44), which is the reference structure of a test set of 12 PPZs with their known inhibitory potencies experimental data (IC₅₀^exp), we prepared three-dimensional (3D) models of Inha-PPZx complexes. A structure activity relationship (SQR) model was built in the gas phase in the search for active conformations of PPZ 1-12 linearly correlating the calculated enthalpy of formation of the InhA-PPZ complex and thepIC₅₀^exp. Finally Lipinski's rule of 5 was used to filter the VCL which was subsequently screened by the pharmacophore model. The predicted activities of the new PPZ analogs obtained were evaluated with the initial QSAR and their pharmacokinetic profile was also evaluated.

Results: The virtual combinatorial library of more than 310,550 PPZ analogs was filtered by Lipinski's rule until it reached 19,044 analogs. Virtual screening by the pharmacophore made it possible to select 50 potential new analogues with predicted inhibitory potencies up to 100 times better than that of PPZ1 (IC₅₀^exp=160 nM). The predicted pharmacokinetic properties of the new analogues showed high cell membrane permeability, side effects and high human oral absorption compared to current anti-TB candidates.

Conclusions: The combined use of molecular modeling and PH4 in virtual screening makes it possible to propose new powerful anti-tuberculosis drugs with favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.

Peer Review History:

Received 21 July 2024; Reviewed 13 September 2024; Accepted 20 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg

DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION, AND OPTIMIZATION OF REPAGLINIDE LOADED SPANLASTICS ALONG WITH INVESTIGATION OF DRUG SOLUBILITY IN VARIOUS MEDIA

Hesham Seary — 2024-11-15

Objective: This study seeks to explore the solubility of an antidiabetic drug with poor water solubility, Repaglinide (RPG), in various media, and develop and optimize RPG-loaded spanlastic formulations.

Methods: A 72-hours solubility study was conducted for RPG in different media, followed by UV spectrum analysis. Spanlastics containing RPG were prepared through the thin-film hydration (TFH) method combined with ultrasonication, incorporating varying concentrations ofthe lipophilic, non-ionic surfactant agents, Span 60 and Tween 80. Characterization was performed To assess particle size (PS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), and entrapment efficiency (EE%). Optimization was achieved by analysing characterization results and using a mixture design of Design Expert software which predicted the optimized formula.

Results: RPG exhibited the highest solubility in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH 6.8) incorporating 0.5% Tween 20 (168.595 µg/mL), followed by PBS with 0.1% Tween 80 (80.355 µg/mL), PBS alone (56.163 µg/mL), and PBS with 0.1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) (53.706 µg/mL). UV scanning in methanol revealed three characteristic absorption bands for RPG, with peak selection optimized for molar absorptivity in each medium. The RPG-loaded spanlastic formulations demonstrated nano-sized vesicles with uniform size distribution, high stability, and efficient drug encapsulation. Optimized spanlastics predicted a particle size 126.162 nm, PDI 0.416, ZP-43.258 mV, and EE% 77.753%.

Conclusions: This research emphasizes the potential of optimized RPG-loaded spanlastics, developed through the thin-film hydration method, as a promising approach for improving the solubility and stability of poorly water-soluble drugs. RPG showed the highest solubility in PBS (pH 6.8) containing 0.5% Tween 20, and the formulation achieved desirable nanosize, uniformity, and high encapsulation efficiency.

Peer Review History:

Received 12 July 2024; Reviewed 16 September 2024; Accepted 23 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Asia Selman Abdullah, Pharmacy institute, University of Basrah, Iraq, asia_abdullah65@yahoo.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Asmaa Ahmed Mohamed Ahmed Khalifa, Pharos University, Alexandria, Egypt, asmaa.khalifa@pua.edu.eg

Message

Assoc. Prof. Ahmad Najib — 2024-11-15

The Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research is a commendable reflection of the journal’s commitment to impactful global health research. The featured studies on innovative antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory therapies highlight the strides being made in disease treatment, while studies on medication adherence in some countries demonstrate a thoughtful approach to improving healthcare accessibility in diverse contexts.

In this welcome, I will discuss the importance of presenting the author's facial image in the journal to help global readers and research colleagues recognize them. Facial expressions play a crucial role in both conscious and unconscious emotional communication, with frowns indicating rejection and smiles suggesting happiness. The ability to interpret these expressions is foundational for empathy and understanding others' reactions. Individual facial features contribute to emotional expression, and psychologists argue that a face is perceived holistically rather than as a collection of parts. Research indicates that certain brain regions respond more actively to faces, with differences noted between shy and sociable individuals in their brain activity when viewing unfamiliar faces. Additionally, attractive faces activate a widespread neural network related to perception, decision-making, and reward.

The exploration of plant-based treatments showcases nature’s promising potential in pharmaceuticals, and the investigation into sustainable chitosan extraction practices demonstrates a forward-thinking approach to resource use. This Journal also includes timely reviews on hypertension management and stroke prevention, offering practical, evidence-based guidance for widespread health concerns, and underlining the journal’s value to both researchers and clinicians.

Collectively, these articles underscore the journal’s role as a beacon for rigorous research with real-world applications that enhance patient care globally. The dedication of the contributors to expanding pharmaceutical knowledge and refining patient outcomes is truly inspiring.

We hope that this edition achieves the wide recognition it deserves, inspiring further research, collaboration, and innovation that support healthier, more resilient communities

QUANTUM BIOLOGY FROM THEORY TO THE FUTURE OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY: A REVIEW ON A REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE IN OUR PERCEPTION OF LIFE

Mostafa Essam Eissa — 2024-11-15

Quantum biology is an innovative field that blends quantum mechanics and biology to explore how quantum phenomena influence biological processes. This review discusses the fundamental principles of quantum biology, its potential applications in medicine, materials science and energy production, as well as the ethical implications of its progress. By understanding the quantum intricacies of life, we can gain insights into disease mechanisms, develop innovative materials and harness sustainable energy sources. Quantum mechanics, essential for understanding atomic and subatomic behavior, underpins quantum biology, which examines processes like photosynthesis, olfaction and enzyme catalysis. Key principles include superposition, entanglement and tunneling, which may enhance biological efficiency, sensitivity and precision. Quantum biology’s potential spans various fields: in medicine and pharmacy, it could lead to new diagnostic tools and therapies; in materials science, it could inspire quantum materials for electronics, energy storage and sensing; in energy production, it could inform sustainable energy development through photosynthesis insights. However, ethical considerations are crucial. Quantum-enhanced medical technologies might widen healthcare disparities and advanced quantum materials could have mixed societal impacts. Open dialogue and ethical frameworks are necessary for responsible development. The future of quantum biology is promising, with ongoing research and interdisciplinary collaboration expected to yield innovative discoveries, fostering a sustainable and prosperous future.

Peer Review History:

Received 14 July 2024; Reviewed 19 September 2024; Accepted 16 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Makassar, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id

Dr. Nazim Hussain, North East Frontier Technical University, Arunachal pradesh, India, nhussain116@gmail.com

THE CURRENT TRENDS OF PSORIASIS TREATMENT IN DERMATOLOGICAL PRACTICE

Mutaia Abuarij — 2024-11-15

Psoriasis is associated with many complications. The severity of the disease can range from mild or moderate to severe. Treatment for this condition should be long-term and multifaceted, and may change over time based on the condition severity. Treatment for patients with psoriasis often includes treatment of the underlying pathophysiology. Other treatments for psoriasis include topical medications, phototherapy, and medications (nonspecific/biologic and biologic). Pharmacologic therapy is generally guided by disease severity and impact on patient quality of life, ranging from topical medications to phototherapy and, when necessary, systemic medications. However, challenges remain, including side effects, poor treatment, high costs, and variability in individual responses. Recent biologics have proven effective in psoriasis; on the other hand, there are differences among these drugs such as mechanisms of action, duration of response, and side effects. Biologics are often used to treat moderate to severe psoriasis and can be the treatment of choice, particularly in patients with comorbidities such as psoriatic arthritis or in whom psoriasis treatments such as methotrexate or cyclosporine are contraindicated. Different types of therapy are often used in combination. Combined therapies may improve treatment. Clinical guidelines classify psoriasis as mild or mild to severe, with mild lesions managed locally and moderate to severe lesions managed systemically.

Peer Review History:

Received 8 July 2024; Reviewed 11 September 2024; Accepted 17 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Murtaza M. Tambuwala, Ulster University, Ireland, m.tambuwala@ulster.ac.uk

Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, Nada_Hazem87@hotmail.com

BEYOND THE USUAL SUSPECTS: REVIEW ON EXPLORING RARE, EMERGING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY INFLUENCED METABOLIC DISORDERS

Mostafa Essam Eissa — 2024-11-15

This review highlights the multifaceted landscape of metabolic disorders, focusing on often overlooked or understudied conditions. These disorders were categorized based on potential etiology, including rare inherited, disorders of unknown origin, emerging conditions and those influenced by other diseases, environmental factors, or immune dysfunction. Additionally, we explore the impact of personalized metabolic variations and the intricate relationship between metabolism and mental health. By exploring specific examples such as maple syrup urine disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile acid malabsorption and mitochondrial disorders, we emphasize the diverse spectrum of metabolic challenges. This overview underscores the need for continued research to unravel the complexities of these conditions, leading to improved diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies. This is an interesting area for pharmaceutical field that need attention and extensive research to find promising treatments for the underestimated populations impacted by these diseases.

Peer Review History:

Received 22 July 2024; Reviewed 17 September 2024; Accepted 19 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.0/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Md. Shahidul Islam, USTC, Chittagong, Bangladesh, S_i_liton@yahoo.com

Dr. Mohammad Tauseef, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Chicago State University, mtauseef@csu.edu

HYBRID HYDROGELS INCORPORATING NANOPARTICLES, THEIR TYPES, DEVELOPMENT, AND APPLICATIONS: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NANOGELS

Ayesha Nadeem — 2024-11-15

Nanogels have become significant in biomedical science research due to various unique characteristics. Hydrogels are three-dimensional crosslinked polymer networks that swell by absorbing aqueous solvents. These polymeric networks with sizes from nanometers to micrometres incorporate features of both hydrogels and nanoparticles, exhibiting high efficiency in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biosensing. The synthesis process involves the chemical and physical crosslinking process, and the nanoparticles can be incorporated either during gelation or in situ. The resulting hydrogel nanoparticle composites exhibit high drug encapsulation capacity, adjustable swelling behaviour, biocompatibility, and responsiveness to stimuli like pH, temperature, and enzymes. They are of uniform size and less toxic, ideal for controlled and targeted drug delivery, and improved therapeutic effectiveness. Newer developments have highlighted its applications in cancer therapy, cardiovascular treatment, wound healing, and neurodegenerative disease management. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the types of nanogel, the development process and wide-ranging applications, along with insights into future developments in this promising field.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 July 2024; Reviewed 11 September 2024; Accepted 19 October; Available online 15 November 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Dr. Mohsen Ali Al-Hamzi, Thamar University, Factuality of Dentistry, Yemen. mohsenalhamzi@gmail.com

Md. Monirul Islam, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Northern University Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. monirul.islam@nub.ac.bd