Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Message

Prof. Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The process of applying scientific techniques to produce information about human disease, its prevention and treatment, and the promotion of health is referred to as medical research (or biomedical research), often known as health research. From "basic research" (also known as laboratory science or laboratory research), which involves fundamental scientific concepts that could be applied to preclinical understanding, to clinical research, which involves studies on human subjects who might be the subject of clinical trials, medical research covers a wide range of research. Translational research, also known as applied research, is carried out to increase medical understanding.

Clinical and preclinical research phases are both part of the pharmaceutical industry's drug development pipelines; the clinical phase is known as a “clinical trial”. But only a small percentage of preclinical or clinical research is focused on a particular pharmacological goal. Drug research is just a minor part of medical research because of the requirement for basic knowledge of mechanisms, diagnostics, medical devices, and non-drug therapy. The majority of the study in this area is carried out by biomedical scientists, although biologists from other disciplines also contribute significantly. The Declaration of Helsinki's medical ethics and the Institutional Review Board's regulations must be closely followed while conducting medical research on human beings. Research ethics are supposed to be followed at all times. The increase in average human lifespan over the past century can be largely attributed to advances in medical research. Some of the most significant benefits of medical research include measles and polio vaccines, insulin therapy for diabetes, antibiotics for a range of conditions, high blood pressure medications, improved treatments for AIDS, and other treatments for atherosclerosis, new surgical techniques such as microsurgery, and increasingly successful cancer treatments. New and useful tests and treatments are expected to emerge as a result of the Human Genome Project. However, many challenges remain, including the rise of antibiotic resistance, the obesity epidemic, and immune-mediated diseases and cancers.

After this introduction, where is our beloved journal (UJPR) in the field of medical research? We have to ask ourselves whether our beloved journal (UJPR) has a positive impact on global health and how we can investigate this. This can be assessed by the number of people who follow our published articles, as well as the citation number, etc., as well as from the personal experiences of professors. From my personal experience, I found that many of our students in the medical colleges at Sana’a University use UJPR as a reference source for writing their theses and research as well. The Ministry of Health and Population also uses our journal as a reliable source of medical data to help them plan health services in Yemen.

This enhances the international recognition of UJPR publications, thanks to its editorial board of eminent scientists and educators from various countries, constructive peer review by distinguished scientists and professors, and regular article approvals, which are not subject to page restrictions.

BLOOD BANKING SYSTEMS IN AFRICA: CHALLENGES, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR STRENGTHENING BLOOD BANKING SYSTEMS IN AFRICA – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Rihab Aref Alsadi — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Blood banking systems in Africa are critical to addressing the healthcare needs of millions of people, particularly in emergencies, maternal care, and chronic conditions like sickle cell disease. However, the region faces significant challenges that limit the availability and safety of blood, including inadequate infrastructure, financial constraints, insufficient training, and low public awareness about voluntary blood donation. These issues lead to blood shortages, placing immense pressure on healthcare providers and resulting in preventable morbidity and mortality. Despite these challenges, there have been several innovative efforts to improve blood banking systems in Africa. Mobile blood collection units, low-cost blood screening technologies, and national awareness campaigns have demonstrated positive outcomes, increasing access to safe blood, especially in rural and underserved areas. These innovations, combined with the establishment of regional blood transfusion services, have helped to overcome some of the logistical and financial barriers to blood collection and distribution.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 April 2025; Reviewed 9 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com

INTERGENERATIONAL EPIGENETIC INHERITANCE: A MINIREVIEW OF MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMAN HEALTH AND DISEASE

Mostafa Essam Eissa — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The concept of inherited memories, where experiences from one generation can influence the traits and behaviors of subsequent generations, has long captivated scientific curiosity. Recent advancements in epigenetics have provided compelling evidence for the potential mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. This focused brief review article outlines the current state of knowledge on inherited memories, examining the transgenerational effects observed in animal models, the epigenetic mechanisms involved, and the environmental influences that shape these heritable traits. Additionally, Highlights about emerging areas of inquiry were explored, including the cross-generational transmission of social behaviors, the evolutionary implications of inherited memories, and the ethical considerations surrounding research in humans. Thus, a unique perspective could be deduced from this rapidly evolving field and accordingly, further research could be stimulated into the implication of inherited memories.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 April 2025; Reviewed 12 May 2025; Accepted 27 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Iman Muhammad Higazy, National Research Center, Egypt, imane.higazy@hotmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Eyassu Mathewos, School of public health, college of health sciences and medicine, Wolaita Soddo university- P.O. Box 158, Wolaita Soddo, Ethiopia.

Dr. Fatehalrahman F. Magbool, University of Khartoum, Sudan, fmagbool@yahoo.com

MIND AND IMMUNITY: EXPLORING THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN HIV AND MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS - A REVIEW

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Rihab Aref Alsadi — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

HIV infection has long been recognized for its profound effects on the immune system, but growing evidence highlights its significant impact on mental health as well. Individuals living with HIV are disproportionately affected by psychiatric conditions such as depression, anxiety, and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). These mental health challenges not only arise from the psychosocial burden of chronic illness and stigma but are also rooted in the biological interactions between HIV and the central nervous system (CNS). The virus infiltrates the CNS early in infection, triggering a cascade of neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to neuronal damage and neurotransmitter dysregulation. Chronic immune activation, marked by elevated cytokines and systemic inflammation, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of mental health disorders in HIV-positive individuals. Conversely, psychological distress can impair immune function, reduce CD4+ T-cell counts, and undermine adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART), thereby accelerating disease progression and compromising overall health outcomes.

Peer Review History:

Received 8 April 2025; Reviewed 13 May 2025; Accepted 24 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Francis Adou Yapo, Felix Houphouet Boigny, University of Abidjan, Ivory Coast, fyapo@yahoo.fr

Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

SLU-PP-332 AND RELATED ERRα AGONISTS: A FOCUSED MINIREVIEW OF METABOLIC REGULATION, AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

Mostafa Essam Eissa — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

The global burden of metabolic disorders, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, necessitates innovative therapeutic strategies. SLU-PP-332, a synthetic agonist of estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), has emerged as a promising exercise mimetic, demonstrating preclinical efficacy in enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, insulin sensitivity, and energy expenditure. This brief review synthesizes current knowledge on SLU-PP-332 and related ERRα agonists, highlighting their molecular mechanisms, preclinical outcomes, translational challenges, and ethical considerations. ERRα activation by SLU-PP-332 upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), driving fatty acid oxidation and mimicking exercise-induced metabolic adaptations. However, pan-ERR activity raises concerns about off-target effects such as cardiac hypertrophy and hepatotoxicity. Despite robust preclinical data, clinical translation remains hindered by the absence of human trials and undefined long-term safety. Future research must prioritize isoform-selective agonist design, rigorous clinical validation, and equitable access frameworks.

Peer Review History:

Received 2 April 2025; Reviewed 18 May 2025; Accepted 23 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Marwa A. A. Fayed, University of Sadat City, Egypt, maafayed@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Hasniza Zaman Huri, University of Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, hasnizazh@ummc.edu.my

Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, h_m_abdelazim@hotmail.com

HEMATOCRIT AND HEMOGLOBIN RATIO: A POTENTIAL INDICATOR FOR CERVICAL CANCER PROGNOSIS – A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Olga G. Goryacheva — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Cervical cancer continues to be a major source of cancer-related illness and death among women globally, especially in low- and middle-income nations. Although progress in screening and treatment has enhanced results, discovering straightforward, affordable, and broadly available prognostic indicators is essential, particularly in resource-constrained environments. Hematological measures like hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) are regularly assessed in clinical settings, and their ratio Hct/Hb has recently been identified as a potentially significant marker for disease progression and treatment response. The Hct/Hb ratio indicates modifications in red blood cell structure, plasma volume, and systemic inflammation elements closely related to tumor biology and anemia associated with cancer. In cervical cancer, alterations in this ratio might relate to tumor hypoxia, inadequate oxygen supply, and inflammatory mechanisms that encourage disease advancement and therapeutic resistance. Initial research has suggested that a diminished or modified Hct/Hb ratio might correlate with later disease stages, lowered treatment effectiveness, and reduced survival rates, indicating its importance as a prognostic factor.

Peer Review History:

Received 8 April 2025; Reviewed 14 May 2025; Accepted 23 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Nuray Arı, Ankara University, Turkiye, ari@ankara.edu.tr

Reviewers:

Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Dr. Kamal Elbssir Mohammed Ali, Hail University KSA, kamalelbssir999@gmail.com

THE THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL OF NEWBOULDIA LAEVIS (P. BEAUV.): REVIEW OF ITS TRADITIONAL USES AND SOME PHARMACEUTICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE LAST DECADE

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Natural products of plant and marine origin have been used traditionally to treat disease since antiquity. Traditional medicine uses different organs of the plant to treat many diseases, including leaves, flowers, stems and roots. Despite the advances in modern medicine, herbal medicine still offers many advantages. This study focused on traditional and scientific research informations on Newbouldia laevis. The plant's ethnobotanical, medicinal and biological uses have been studied. Research studies have reported on some extracts obtained from different organs of the plant. Extracts contain several secondary metabolites,for example : polyphenols, tannins, steroids, terpenoids, sterols, alkaloids, flavonoids, anthraquinolones, glycosides, essential oils, etc.Various health benefits are claimed for extracts and compounds isolated from plant organs. These scientific studies then represented the area of excellence of the plant's pharmaceutical activity. People was interested in using plants because they had both therapeutic and nutritional qualities. In this article, we have highlighted several key works completed (ethnobotanical, pharmaceutical activities) on Newbouldia laevis for the past decade. The ethnobotanical and biological studies revealed the medicinal plant's potential, which needs to be developed and protected. This study built on previous research and applications in order to guide future refill work.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 April 2025; Reviewed 13 May 2025; Accepted 20 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Sally A. El-Zahaby, Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt, sally.elzahaby@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Kolawole Oyetunji Timothy, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. otkolawole@lautech.edu.ng

Dr. Leyla Açık, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, leylaacik@gmail.com

OVERCOMING CHEMORESISTANCE IN CERVICAL CANCER: PHARMACOLOGICAL HURDLES AND NEW FRONTIERS

Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu, Christian C. Ezeala — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Chemoresistance continues to be a significant obstacle to successful treatment of cervical cancer, especially in advanced and recurrent situations. Even with the effectiveness of cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy as a standard option, numerous patients develop resistance that greatly diminishes therapeutic effectiveness and leads to unfavorable clinical results. The fundamental mechanisms of resistance are complex and include cellular, molecular, and microenvironmental alterations that enable tumor cells to endure cytotoxic attacks. Important pharmacological mechanisms involve the overexpression of efflux transporters like P-glycoprotein, improved DNA repair abilities, avoidance of apoptosis, and resistance induced by hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment. These adaptive responses allow cervical cancer cells to counteract the impacts of chemotherapy drugs. Tackling these mechanisms necessitates a comprehensive strategy that merges traditional chemotherapy with new approaches like targeted treatments, immune therapies, and advancements in drug delivery. New approaches like PARP inhibitors, immune checkpoint blockade, and nanoparticle-based drug delivery appear effective in reviving drug sensitivity and enhancing results. Furthermore, pharmacogenomic profiling provides a tailored method for choosing treatments that considers unique genetic differences.

Peer Review History:

Received 6 April 2025; Reviewed 12 May 2025; Accepted 19 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Tamer Elhabibi, Suez Canal University, Egypt, tamer_hassan@pharm.suez.edu.eg

Reviewers:

Dr. Luisetto Mauro, AUSL PC, Piacenza Area, Italy, M.Luisetto@ausl.pc.it

Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

COMPARISON OF THE MASS FRACTION OF 35 TRACE ELEMENTS IN BENIGNLY TRANSFORMED AND INTACT BREAST TISSUE ADJACENT TO A BENIGN LESION

Vladimir Zaichick, Denis Dogadkin, Valentina Shirokova, Vladimir Kolotov — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Many women around the world suffer from benign breast diseases. The causes of this disease are not entirely clear, although it is known that disturbances in the homeostasis of chemical elements in the breast tissue play a significant role in the etiology of diseases of this organ. The present study aimed to identify changes in the mass fractions of 35 trace elements in benign transformation of breast tissue compared to the levels of these microelements characteristic of the norm.

Method: We achieved this goal using a previously developed sample preparation technique that allows us to determine the content of 35 microelements in breast tissue samples weighing approximately 10 mg using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Using the developed technique, samples of benignly transformed and intact breast tissue adjacent to a benign lesion were examined.

Results: It was found that in benignly altered tissue, the content of studied elements, except for Ba, Cr, Nb, and Ti exceeded the levels characteristic of intact breast tissue adjacent to the lesion.

Conclusion: The observed significant increase in the content of many trace elements in benignly altered tissue compared to intact adjacent breast tissue can be used to develop new in vitro and in vivo diagnostic methods in which trace element levels in the breast lesion will act as markers. The discovered phenomenon, which opens up new possibilities in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of benign breast diseases, requires further, more in-depth study.

Peer Review History:

Received 12 April 2025; Reviewed 18 May 2025; Accepted 20 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Muhammad Zahid Iqbal, AIMST University, Malaysia, drmmziqbal@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Jennifer Audu-Peter, University of Jos, Nigeria, drambia44@gmail.com

Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com

ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF FIVE NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS USED IN YEMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objective: Due to the increasing resistance to synthetic antibiotics and preservatives, there is growing interest in exploring natural alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of five commercially available essential oils in the Yemeni market Azadirachta indica (Neem), Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

Method: Agar diffusion was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oils from five plants: Azadirachta indica (neem), Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana.

Result: Significant differences in the inhibitory effects of the plant oils of neem, Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found during the antimicrobial screening process. Nearing the effectiveness of gentamicin (25 mm), Salvia officinalis and neem oils demonstrated the highest action against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm and 20 mm inhibition zones, respectively). Rosmarinus officinalis, on the other hand, demonstrated a low level of efficacy (10 mm). Most oils were less effective against Gram-negative organisms, and E. coli showed resistance to all save Rosmarinus officinalis (12 mm).

Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential of oils produced from plants, especially Origanum majorana, neem, and Salvia officinalis, as antibacterial agents against Gram-negative bacteria highlights the need for more research into maximizing their use, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics, despite their encouraging efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria.

Peer Review History:

Received 9 April 2025; Reviewed 14 May 2025; Accepted 20 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia, Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id

Reviewers:

Antonio José de Jesus Evangelista, Federal University of Ceará, UFC, Brazil, tony_biomed@hotmail.com

Prof. Abdulwahab Ismail Al-kholani, Dean of Faculty of Dentistry at 21 September University, Yemen. prof_khholani@yahoo.com

PREVALENCE OF ORAL REACTIVE HYPERPLASTIC LESIONS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN A SAMPLE OF YEMENI DENTAL PATIENTS IN SEVERAL UNIVERSITIES AND PUBLIC HOSPITALS

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and aims: Reactive lesions may result from the oral mucosa's continuous exposure to endogenous and external stimuli. The nature of these lesions is not cancerous. They display a variety of pathologies, from neoplasms to reactive, inflammatory, and developmental abnormalities. Dental plaque and tartar, sharp edges of severely carious teeth, defective dental fillings, chronic biting habits, ill-fitting dental/oral appliances, and food impaction are just a few examples of the various forms of chronic, low-grade irritation of the oral mucosa that can cause reactive lesions. Benign neoplastic proliferations and oral reactive lesions look a lot alike. Investigating the frequency of reactive periodontal lesions and the characteristics that are linked to them in a sample of adult Yemeni dentistry patients in Sana'a City was the goal of this study.

Method: An observational cross-sectional study of 1197 Yemeni dental patients attending the Faculty of Dentistry, Sana’a University, Alrazi University, Alyemenia University, Aljomhori and Althawra hospitals were examined for the presence of reactive hyperplastic lesions.

Results: A total of 48 (4%) patients were found to have reactive hyperplastic lesions. Focal fibrous hyperplasia is the most common type representing (91.7%). Peripheral giant cell granuloma was the second most common type representing (6.3%). The most risk factors were qat chewing, teeth grinding, cheek biting and poor oral hygiene.

Conclusion: In the current study, irritant fibroma and pyogenic granuloma were the most and least common oral reactive hypertrophic lesions, respectively. Compared with males, the prevalence of lesions in female patients was equal, and older age groups were more probable to grow oral reactive hypertrophic lesions. The most frequent location for lesions was the gingiva.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 April 2025; Reviewed 11 May 2025; Accepted 26 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

Dr. Heba M. Abd El-Azim, Damanhour University, Egypt, h_m_abdelazim@hotmail.com

ASSESSING SMILE SATISFACTION AND NEEDS OF DENTAL IMPROVEMENT TREATMENTS AMONG DENTISTS, INTERNS, AND STUDENTS IN YEMEN

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and aims: Individual differences in how they view beauty may have an impact on their desire for cosmetic procedures. Several studies have compared dentists' perceptions of smile treatments with the general public. However, few studies have compared the perceptions of dental students, interns, and recent dental graduates with those of a similar group of dental professionals. This study aimed to compare how dental students perceive dental smiles and the extent to which they seek dental enhancement treatments.

Methods: A cross-sectional study be directed at dental students in their final two years, trainee students, dentists, and specialists in Yemen using a written questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed and distributed by the researchers. The study included 264 students and 65 dentists, including general dentists, periodontists, orthodontists, endodontics, surgical dentists, operative dentists, prosthodontics, and pediatric dentists.

Results: The study found that 79.6% of participants were confident about their overall teeth, while 75.7% were confident about their tooth color, size, shape, and alignment. The study found that 40.4% of participants had crowding, 14.3% had gaps, 12.8% had fractures, and 37.1% had dental caries. 16.7% did not have cosmetic restorations, and 9.7% suffered from protruding teeth. 14% experienced a deep bite, while 4.9% experienced an open bite. The study found that 25.8% of participants sought orthodontic treatment, while 35.9% desired other treatments to improve their appearance. The majority (22.5%) preferred teeth whitening, while 39.2% prioritized function, while 53.2% prioritized aesthetics.

Conclusion: The study reveals that students, trainees, and dentists all respond positively to smile improvement procedures, showing satisfaction with their smiles and understanding the potential negative effects.

Peer Review History:

Received 12 April 2025; Reviewed 18 May 2025; Accepted 22 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Ali Abdullah Al-yahawi, Al-Razi university, Department of Pharmacy, Yemen, alyahawipharm@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Prof. Abdulwahab Ismail Al-kholani, Dean of Faculty of Dentistry at 21 September University, Yemen. prof_khholani@yahoo.com

Prof. Ahmed Kadry Ibrahim Ibrahim Hassan, Atos pharma-Seke, Egypt, kadry_ibrahim173@yahoo.com

COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES IN MANDIBULAR ANGLE FRACTURE MANAGEMENT RECONSTRUCTION PLATES VERSUS DUAL MINIPLATES FIXATION

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and aims: The angle created by the positioning of the ramus and mandibular body is known as the mandibular angle. An angle fracture is characterized by a triangular region that is enclosed by the masseter muscle's anterior border and an oblique line that runs from the mandibular third molar region to the masseter muscle's posterior inferior attachment. This study examined the results and side effects of utilizing reconstruction plates against double miniplate fixation for treating mandibular angle fractures.

Materials and methods: The Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the Al-Thorah Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, carried out the study between 2020 and 2024, diagnosing mandibular angle fractures in two equal groups. Reconstruction plates were used for 20 patients in Group A, and double miniplate fixation was used for another 20 patients in Group B. Following surgery, the two groups had radiographic and clinical evaluations for mandibular deviation, hematoma, infection, limited mouth opening, surgical site edema, plate exposure, plate stability, and malocclusion.

Results: The study found that 15% of patients treated with reconstruction plates experienced bone exposure, 10% experienced impaired stability, 30% reported plate-site edema, and 15% reported nerve injury, compared to the 10% treated with two miniplates. The study found that the use of two miniplates was better at reducing deviation opening in patients treated with two miniplates, with a difference of 15% and a p-value of 0.07.

Conclusion: The study found that fixation using two miniplates is the most effective and reliable treatment strategy for mandibular angle fractures, with lower complication rates and minimal infection rates. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal approach for fixing these fractures.

Peer Review History:

Received 7 April 2025; Reviewed 10 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Amany Mohamed Alboghdadly, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, amanyalboghdadly@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. A.A. Mgbahurike, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, amaka_mgbahurike@yahoo.com

Dr. Adebayo Gege Grace Iyabo, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, funbimbola@gmail.com

CHITOSAN COATED ROSUVASTATIN NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS: FORMULATION, IN VITRO CHARACTERIZATION AND STORAGE ASSESSMENTS

Walid Anwar, El Sayed Gamal E. Shaheen, Sherif K. Abu-Elyazid, Mohsen I. Afouna — Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and Objective: Rosuvastatin calcium (ROS-Ca) is a synthetic, highly potent third-generation HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor with significant hypocholesterolemic effects. The objective of this study was to develop and characterize nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a delivery system for the poorly water-soluble drug rosuvastatin calcium (ROS-Ca), with the aim of enhancing its dissolution rate and improving oral bioavailability.

Methods: ROS-NLCs is prepared by hot homogenization–ultrasonication technique then the prepared formulations were further characterized. Finally compare their characteristics to the corresponding a positively charged chitosan coated to develop new CH-ROS-NLCs. In this study, glyceryl monostearate (GMS) was selected as solid lipids and Transcutol® HP as a liquid lipid, to develop ROS-NLC (nanostructured lipid carrier).

Results: The physicochemical properties were achieved. The prepared ROS-NLC formulation was showed in nanometric size (121.6±6.2 nm) with encapsulation efficiency (63±0.2%). Furthermore, ROS-NLC and CH-ROS-NLC appeared almost spherical nanoparticles in morphology under transmission electron microscope (TEM). DSC, XRD and FT-IR analysis showed that ROS was miscible, compatible, and incorporated into NLCs in amorphous form not in native crystalline state.

Conclusion: The previously results showed that ROS-Ca was successfully encapsulated into nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) which coated with chitosan CH-ROS-NLC to overcome the above-mentioned defects and, it was ensured that nanostructured lipid carriers have high beneficial effect for enhancing and improving the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs such as Rosuvastatin.

Peer Review History:

Received 9 April 2025; Reviewed 12 May 2025; Accepted 22 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. DANIYAN Oluwatoyin Michael, Obafemi Awolowo University, ILE-IFE, Nigeria, toyinpharm@gmail.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Areen Alshweiat, University of Szeged, Hungary, areen.alshweiat@hu.edu.jo

Dr. Awofisayo, O Abosede, University of Uyo, Nigeria, shalomgirl08@yahoo.com

KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE IN USING THE ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST TOWARDS ENTEROBACTERIACEAE ISOLATED FROM URINARY TRACT INFECTION

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and aims: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as an urgent worldwide problem, particularly in developing countries like Yemen. Clinical microbiology laboratories play an essential role in guiding appropriate antimicrobial therapy through antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of antimicrobial susceptibility testing in public and private laboratories in Sana’a, Yemen, focusing on bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing 220 AST reports on positive urine cultures from public and private laboratories in Sana’a. The appropriateness of antimicrobial agent selection for testing and reporting susceptibility results was evaluated against CLSI M100-Ed32, 2022 guideline. Additionally, a standardized questionnaire was used to assess laboratory personnel's knowledge and practices related to AST.

Results: The study identified significant discrepancies in antimicrobial susceptibility testing and reporting practice between private and public laboratories in Sana'a, Yemen. Findings indicate a significant gap in the adherence to CLSI guidelines, with low testing and reporting rates for primary appropriate antimicrobial agents and over-reporting of inappropriate agents.

Conclusions: The study identified significant gaps in knowledge and adherence to international AST standards. Selective reporting is not being implemented. Therefore, a national antimicrobial program, including AST's unified guidelines, regular training in laboratory workers, and the creation of accurate internal and external measures to ensure accuracy and reliability of AST results.

Peer Review History:

Received 7 April 2025; Reviewed 10 May 2025; Accepted 21 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Prof. Dr. Gorkem Dulger, Duzce University, Turkey, gorkemdulger@yandex.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Bilge Ahsen KARA, Ankara Gazi Mustafa Kemal Hospital, Turkey, ahsndkyc@gmail.com

Dr. Bountain Welcome Tebeda,Chemical Pathology Department, Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Nigeria. bountaintebeda@yahoo.com

OSTEOMYELITIS OF THE JAWS: A 5 YEARS RETROSPECTIVE STUDY AT AL-THAWRA HOSPITAL IN SANA'A, YEMEN

Tue, 15 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Background and aim: Osteomyelitis of the jaws was formerly a terrible condition, but because to increased knowledge, the availability of medications, and improved dental care, its frequency has decreased. The study aimed to determine etiology, clinical features, and results of management and treatment of maxillofacial osteitis patients over a 5 years period in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen.

Methodology: The study was a retrospective case series study that collected data from patients with jaw osteomyelitis at Al-Thawra Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen, over a 5 years period. The majority of patients were male, comprising 12 patients (66.7%), while only 6 patients (33.3%) were female. The data included demographics, medical history, clinical presentation, management methods, treatments, and outcomes.

Result: The majority of patients with maxillofacial osteomyelitis were male, aged 45-54, with a mean age of 40±14.5 years, with only one case involving child under 15 years. Osteomyelitis symptoms include purulent discharge, persistent swelling, truisms, intraoral bone exposure, pain, paresthesia, sinus formation, and pathological fractures, with numbness prevalence at 16.7%. The study found carious lesions (50%), extraction socket infections (16.7%), post-extraction infections (11.1%), pulp devitalization agents (11.1%), and severe periodontitis as the most common causes of maxillofacial osteomyelitis.

Conclusion: The majority of patients with maxillofacial osteomyelitis were male, aged 45 to 54 years, and presented with purulent discharge, persistent swelling, palpable signs, intraoral bone exposure, pain, numbness, and pocket formation. The study found that carious lesions and periapical infections were the most common causes of osteomyelitis, with the right side of the jaw being the most common site.

Peer Review History:

Received 5 April 2025; Reviewed 11 May 2025; Accepted 26 June; Available online 15 July 2025

Academic Editor: Dr. Emmanuel O. Olorunsola, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Uyo, Nigeria, olorunsolaeo@yahoo.com

Reviewers:

Dr. Branislav Ranković, University of Kragujevac, Serbia, rankovic@kg.ac.rs

Dr. Dennis Amaechi, MrsFoluBabade Mini Estate , Flat 5 by Old Soldiers Quarter, Sabongari/Bwari, Abuja- Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria. amaechitoexcel@yahoo.com