TOXICITY PROFILING OF THE CO-ADMINISTRATION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF PIPER GUINEENSE AND QUININE IN RATS

Michael Oluwatoyin DANIYAN; Temitope Helen OGUNYEMI; Idowu Julius OLAWUNI; Isaac Damilare ASIYANBOLA; Stephen Taiye ADELODUN; Tivere Susan OPOGGEN; Idris Ajayi OYEMITAN

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v8i6.1037

Michael Oluwatoyin DANIYAN Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Temitope Helen OGUNYEMI Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Idowu Julius OLAWUNI Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State.
Isaac Damilare ASIYANBOLA Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Stephen Taiye ADELODUN Department of Anatomy, Benjamin Carson (Snr.) School of Basic Medical Sciences, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
Tivere Susan OPOGGEN Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
Idris Ajayi OYEMITAN Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.

10.22270/ujpr.v8i6.1037

Keywords:

Biochemical, essential oil, hematology, histology, Piper guineense, toxicity

Abstract

Background: The co-administration of medicinal plant products with orthodox drugs is not uncommon with a view to enhancing efficacy and improving treatment outcomes. However, reports indicated that such combinations may also enhance associated toxic effects. We recently reported that though the co-administration of essential oil of P. guineense (EOPG) and Quinine has the potential to improve treatment outcomes in experimental cerebral malaria, the observed deaths associated with higher co-administered doses necessitated the need for further toxicological evaluation.

Method: Rats were randomly divided into 12 groups (n=10), consisting of control, quinine, EOPG (12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg), and their respective Quinine combinations. Control received vehicle (5% Tween 80 in distilled water), Quinine was given at a dose of 20 mg/kg stat, then 10 mg/kg twice daily for the next two days, while other groups were treated once daily for 3 days. All doses were administered intraperitoneally and rats were assessed for weights and novelty-induced behaviors (NIB). On day 4, rats were randomly sub-grouped into Treated and non-dosing Recovery (n=5) and sacrificed on day 4 and 18 respectively. Blood and organ samples were processed for hematological, biochemical, and histopathological evaluation.

Results: In this study, analysis of our results showed that co-administration of EOPG and Quinine revealed significant alterations in body and organ weights, rearing, grooming, and locomotion, as well as biochemical and hematological, and liver histoarchitecture, with potential for persistent toxicity.

Conclusion: We propose that the earlier reported death associated with the co-administration of EOPG with Quinine in experimental cerebral malaria may be associated with increased toxicity on the liver and risk of heart-related diseases. This study concludes that despite the beneficial effects of EOPG/Quinine co-administration at lower doses, caution is advised.