ADVANCES IN FDM 3D PRINTING FOR ORAL DOSAGE FORMS: A REVIEW OF TUNABLE DRUG RELEASE STRATEGIES

Abstract

Three-dimensional printing (3D printing) has recently gained significant attention as an innovative technology in pharmaceutical sciences, particularly for the development of oral dosage forms. Among additive manufacturing approaches, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is among the most promising techniques due to its flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and potential for personalized drug delivery. This review discusses the fundamental principles, commonly used materials, and recent technological advancements in FDM-based production of oral pharmaceutical dosage forms. Central to this discussion is FDM's ability to tailor drug release, enabling immediate, controlled, and delayed profiles by manipulating formulation composition and printing parameters. We critically evaluate polymer selection, formulation strategies, and process variables that govern release kinetics. Potential advantages, including patient-specific dosing, improved drug stability, and cost-effectiveness, are discussed alongside persistent challenges related to regulatory approval and manufacturing scalability. By synthesizing current evidence, this review aims to clarify the role of FDM-based 3D printing in advancing personalized oral dosage forms.

               

Peer Review History:

Received 8April 2026;   Reviewed 13 May 2026; Accepted  11 June; Available online 15 July 2026

Academic Editor: Dr. Ahmad Najib, Universitas Muslim Indonesia,  Indonesia, [email protected]

Reviewers:

Mrinal Kanti Bhoumik, Jubilant Cadista Pharmaceutical Inc., [email protected] 

Dr. Nada Farrag, Misr International University, Egypt, [email protected]