ANTIBIOTIC SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIAL BLOODSTREAM INFECTIONS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS OF UNIVERSITY HOSPITALS IN SANA'A CITY, YEMEN

Eshtiaq A Al-Yosaffi; Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy; Arwa Mohammed Othman; Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad; Khaled Abdulkarim Al-Moyed

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v8i5.1004

Eshtiaq A Al-Yosaffi Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University.
Hassan Abdulwahab Al-Shamahy Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University. Medical Microbiology department, Faculty of Medicine, Genius University for Sciences & Technology, Dhamar city, Yemen.
Arwa Mohammed Othman Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University.
Ahmed Mohammed Al-Haddad Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla, Yemen.
Khaled Abdulkarim Al-Moyed Medical Microbiology and Clinical Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana’a University. University of 21 September for Medical and applied Sciences, Sana’a, Yemen.

10.22270/ujpr.v8i5.1004

Keywords:

Antibiotic resistant, bacteria, Bloodstream infections (BSIs), ICUs, multi-drug resistant

Abstract

Aim: High rates of morbidity and mortality are associated to bacterial bloodstream infections (B-BSI) in many hospitals, especially in the intensive care unit. This study investigated the prevalence of antibiotic- and multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from blood samples of patients in intensive care units of university hospitals in the city of Sana'a, Yemen.

Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on sepsis patients admitted to intensive care units in four hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, between January 1 and April 30, 2022. The blood cultures of patients suspected of suffering from sepsis were performed. The potential bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified using standard laboratory methods, and microbial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion technique.

Results: For all identified bacteria, the average resistance rate to a broad spectrum of antibiotics tested ranged from 22.5% to 98.1%, with cefazoline (98.1%) having the greatest resistance rates, followed by amoxicillin (87.2%) and cefixime (83%). Vancomycin had a resistance rate of 4.8% whereas erythromycin had a resistance rate of 75% for Gram-positive bacteria. For Gram-negative bacteria, the resistance rates to narrow spectrum antibiotics ranged from 2.3% for colistin sulphate to 84.8% for aztreonam. Our isolates' MDR rates for resistance to at least three classes of antibiotics were 52.2% and 8.7%, respectively, for resistance to 10 different classes of broad-spectrum antibiotics and their subclasses.

Conclusion: Gram positive bacteria are highly resistant to erythromycin and penicillin, while gram negative organisms are highly resistant to amoxcillin+clavulanic acid, ciprofloxacin, and all generations of cephalosporins. This study highlights the significance of prompt clinical and bacteriological monitoring among patients in critical care conditions, such as ICU patients, and also illustrates the establishment and rates of Multi Drug Resistance (MDR) pathogens.