DIARRHEA CAUSING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AND THEIR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS AMONG DIARRHEA PATIENTS FROM SANA’A CITY, YEMEN

Abstract

Background and aims:  The rise of antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacteria causing diarrhea remains a major worldwide health concern, especially in children under five. The purpose of this surveillance study was to ascertain the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Enterobacteriaceae, which cause diarrhea.

Materials and Methods: The National Center for Public Health Laboratories (NCPHL) in Sana'a city was the site of this cross-sectional investigation. Patient stool samples exhibiting diarrhea were gathered and cultivated using standard differential/selective medium. Standard biochemical assays and serological investigations were employed to identify the isolates. With the aid of Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, the antibiogram was identified.

Results: Enterobacteriaceae isolates were obtained from 972 stool samples collected; 15.3% (149/972) were diarrheagenic Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella. There were 8.3% (81/972) Salmonella spp., 5.7% (56/972) Shigella spp., and 1.2% (12/972) E. coli. E. coli strains were grouped, with the most prominent being serogroups O153 (3, 2%) and O25 (2, 1.4%). Fifty-six (37.6%) Shigella species were identified as Shigella boydii type 2 and Shigella bodii type 17, which were the most common Shigella isolated (11, 8.1%, and 16, 10.7%, respectively). We detected high resistance of Salmonella isolates to tetracycline (29/81, 35.8%) but relatively low resistance to ciprofloxacin (7/81, 8.6%) and ceftriaxone (5/81, 6.3%). 

Conclusion:  The many Enterobacteriaceae linked to instances of diarrhea in Sana'a, Yemen, were demonstrated in this study, along with the necessity of differential diagnosis for improved treatment results. Salmonella, Shigella, and Escherichia coli have all been linked to episodes of diarrhea in Sana'a city. To stop Yemen's antimicrobial resistance from spreading, regular antimicrobial susceptibility testing, efficient monitoring, and national surveillance of AMR bacteria should be put into place.

                   

Peer Review History:

Received 3 February 2024;   Revised 12 March 2024; Accepted 20 April; Available online 15 May 2024

Academic Editor: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com 

Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.0/10

Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 7.5/10

Reviewers:

Dr. George Zhu, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, sansan4240732@163.com

Dr. Esther Marguerite Chase DJANGA, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences. Department of Public Health. University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon. e.djanga@yahoo.com