CARDIOVASCULAR COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 VACCINATION, ITS DIAGNOSIS, PATHOGENESIS, AND TREATMENT: A REVIEW

Minahil Fatima; Eman Ali; Aimen Shafqat; Muhammad Talha Tariq; Laiba Gulraiz; Fatima Imran; Nadeem Hussain; Jannat Awais; Namra Rasheed; Muhammad Abid Mustafa

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v10i1.1277

Minahil Fatima Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Eman Ali Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Aimen Shafqat Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Talha Tariq Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Laiba Gulraiz Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Fatima Imran Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Nadeem Hussain Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Jannat Awais Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Namra Rasheed Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Muhammad Abid Mustafa Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore University of Biological & Applied Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.

10.22270/ujpr.v10i1.1277

Keywords:

Cardiovascular complications, COVID-19, COVID-19 vaccination, immunization, mRNA vaccine safety, public health, vaccine-related complications

Abstract

SARS-CoV-2 was the virus responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in 2019. To date, over 670 million individuals have received mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines. However, emerging evidence suggests a potential association between these vaccines and cardiovascular complications. Concerns have been raised regarding their possible contribution to underrecognized cardiovascular issues, such as arrhythmias and arterial hypertension. The individuals with pre-existing heart conditions are at a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events and unfavorable clinical outcomes following vaccination. Reported complications include myocarditis, arrhythmias, acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and thromboembolic events. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms, diagnostic techniques, strategies for treatment, and current limitations of the literature on the possible link between mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations and cardiovascular problems.