ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY OF FIVE NATURAL ESSENTIAL OILS USED IN YEMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Abdullah AA Ali Al-Hashmi; Hussein MH Marwan; Mohammed AG Taib; Ali AA Farea; Yahya SY Al-Sabai; AS Al-Wadaii; Ali AA Jahaf; Ali YM Al-Madwami; Hajer AA Qushasha; Badar MY Al-Bakri; Amin MS Arrabyee

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v10i3.1353

Abdullah AA Ali Al-Hashmi Pharmacy Section, Medical Sciences Department, Amran Community College, Yemen.
Hussein MH Marwan Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Mohammed AG Taib Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Ali AA Farea Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Yahya SY Al-Sabai Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
AS Al-Wadaii Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Ali AA Jahaf Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Ali YM Al-Madwami Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Hajer AA Qushasha Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.
Badar MY Al-Bakri Pharmacy Section, Medical Sciences Department, Amran Community College, Yemen.
Amin MS Arrabyee Pharmacy Department, Natural College for professional Health Sciences, Sana, a, Yemen.

10.22270/ujpr.v10i3.1353

Keywords:

Antimicrobial activity, Azadirachta indica, essential oils, Moringa oleifera, Origanum majorana, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis

Abstract

Background and objective: Due to the increasing resistance to synthetic antibiotics and preservatives, there is growing interest in exploring natural alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial potential of five commercially available essential oils in the Yemeni market Azadirachta indica (Neem), Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary), Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.

Method: Agar diffusion was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of essential oils from five plants: Azadirachta indica (neem), Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary), Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana.

Result: Significant differences in the inhibitory effects of the plant oils of neem, Moringa oleifera, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Origanum majorana against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were found during the antimicrobial screening process. Nearing the effectiveness of gentamicin (25 mm), Salvia officinalis and neem oils demonstrated the highest action against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (22 mm and 20 mm inhibition zones, respectively). Rosmarinus officinalis, on the other hand, demonstrated a low level of efficacy (10 mm). Most oils were less effective against Gram-negative organisms, and E. coli showed resistance to all save Rosmarinus officinalis (12 mm).

Conclusions: These results demonstrate the potential of oils produced from plants, especially Origanum majorana, neem, and Salvia officinalis, as antibacterial agents against Gram-negative bacteria highlights the need for more research into maximizing their use, either alone or in combination with other antibiotics, despite their encouraging efficacy against Gram-positive bacteria.