MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA: DIAGNOSIS, THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES: A NARRATIVE REVIEW

Ibrahim Aliyu Bagudo; Ibrahim Kalle Kwaifa; Muhammad Khadijah Abubakar; Omogboyegun Alaba Ayodeji; Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu

doi:10.22270/ujpr.v10i6.1465

Ibrahim Aliyu Bagudo Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, North-Western, 2346, Nigeria.
Ibrahim Kalle Kwaifa Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, North-Western, 2346, Nigeria.
Muhammad Khadijah Abubakar Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, North-Western, 2346, Nigeria.
Omogboyegun Alaba Ayodeji Department of Haematology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University (UDU), Sokoto, North-Western, 2346, Nigeria.
Emmanuel Ifeanyi Obeagu Department of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, Africa University, Mutare, Zimbabwe. The Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

10.22270/ujpr.v10i6.1465

Keywords:

Diagnosis, future perspectives, myelogenous leukaemia, therapeutic approach

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) present unique and significant difficulties in the field of blood cancers. They originate from the harmful transformation of myeloid cells and are linked to distinct pathophysiological characteristics that require specialized diagnostic and treatment methods. The diagnosis of CML primarily relies on the detection of the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, which represents a key feature of the disorder. This genetic marker not only validates the diagnosis but also guides the treatment approach. Nonetheless, AML is characterized by its genetic and clinical diversity, making diagnosis challenging and necessitating a more personalized treatment strategy. Progress in molecular diagnostics has uncovered particular mutations that can be addressed by new therapies, enabling more individualized treatment plans. Studies in both AML and CML seek to determine the shortcomings of current treatments. The main focus of research in CML involves creating next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and methods to eliminate minimal residual disease (MRD), whereas in AML, combining targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and progress in molecular diagnostics offers potential for improved patient results. Trustworthy data was gathered from Tailor and Francis, PubMed, Springer, Nature, Google Scholar, MDPI, BMC, and several other relevant sources. This review explores the molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, potential treatment options, and future outlook of myelogenous leukaemia.